Turin King List – Column 3

A town was probably named at the start of the text, indicated by the town sign (O49).

Helck proposed joining fr. 2 at the left side of row 2, following the small top part of fr. 1 which Farina removed, from where Seyffarth had originally placed it.

Restoration

Helck 1992: 160f.

Written on a patch, only small traces of the ink remain of the initial S29-sign, the signs prior are lost. Helck proposed adding fr. 2 and the top of fr. 1 removed by Gardiner to the right of fr. 1.

Restoration

Helck 1992: 160f.

The tiny red trace at the bottom of fr. 3 is only present in Lepsius, but not even commented on by Farina or Gardiner. Only the lower part of the ten-sign is preserved, meaning the number is either a 10, 20 or 30, or less likely 70 as suggested by Helck.

Restoration

Helck 1992: 161

The suggested placename is not certain, but the wall sign (O36, inb) suggest some sort of walled town.

The small traces remaining of the last two digits of the number make it questionable. The hieratic N5 (rꜤ) is very similar to O49 (niwt) which could indicate the name of a town, perhaps Thinis. The individual words imy and smꜢ translate to "who are in" and "union".

Restoration

Helck 1992: 161

The rightmost part is the first row of Champollion's fragment Nn.

Restoration

Helck 1992: 161

Followers of Horus. The rightmost part is the second row of Champollion's fragment Nn.

Restoration

Helck 1992: 161

The traces of the year sign where the papyrus breaks off sign are clear, and the two ten-thousand signs are very probable. Followers of Horus. The rightmost part is the third row of Champollion's fragment Nn.

Restoration

Helck 1992: 161

The first row of the papyrus containing the name of a mortal king. The bee-sign is about 1 cm to the left compared to 3.11, and the traces (now lost) ahead of the title seen on the plates of Lepsius and Wilkinson further reinforce that this row contain a heading, serving as an introduction of the kings. There are no other headings until 6.11, but 3 summations, in 4.26, 5.14-17, and 6.10. Either the heading is meant for the first summation in 4.26, or which seems more likely, for the entire period until the next heading in 6.11, as there are no other headings. This also indicate that the Egyptians themselves did not divide this period into ten different dynasties, as per the writings of Manetho. The rightmost part is the fourth row of Champollion's fragment Nn.

The first king of the First Dynasty was most likely the archaeologically attested Narmer, who likely united the Two Lands. At the time of the New Kingdom, and possibly much earlier, his name seems to have been lost or forgotten, and instead Meni (Menes in Greek) were named as the king who united the Two Lands, whough there are no archaeological finds of a such a king. It cannot be ruled out that Meni was the personal name of Narmer. The rightmost part is the fifth row of Champollion's fragment Nn.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 1		mni	Meni
Africanus I (1)		Μηνης	Mēnēs (62 years)
Eusebius I (1)		Μηνης	Mēnēs (60 years)
Eratosthenes 1		Μηνης	Mēnēs

Only the first two signs are readable, while the position of the t-sign leave room for another sign below where the papyrus breaks off, it is lost. It is possible that the lacuna would have held another t, like the corresponding entry in the Abydos Canon, Teti (tti), albeit with the order of the signs reversed. Farina hesitantly transcribed the lost sign as an y (Z4), however Gardiner left it out altogether. The rightmost part is the sixth row of Champollion's fragment Nn.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 2		tti	Teti
Africanus I (2)		Aθωθις	Athōthis (57 years)
Eusebius I (2)		Aθωθις	Athōthis (27 years)
Eratosthenes 2		Aθωθης	Athōthēs

Only tiny traces remain of what is most likely the divine determinative (G7) and the cartouche close, the name itself is completely lost According to the archaeological record, this position would have held the name of king Djer.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 3		itti	Iteti
Africanus I (3)		Κενκενης	Kenkenēs (31 years)
Eusebius I (3)		Κενκενης	Kenkenēs (39 years)
Eratosthenes 3		Aθωθης	Athōthēs

The curved line is a sort of bracket around a line that intrude on the next column, the numbers on the fragment belongs to a god or demi-god in the previous column. This can also be seen in 5.16, 6.15, and 8.3. The trace before the month-sign is likely a 10. There are no traces of any other writing on this line, suggesting it was intentionally left blank. Perhaps it should be excluded from column 3 in the future, as suggested years ago.

The bird sign G4 (tiw) is not to be confused with G1 (Ꜣ), as it was on the Abydos Canon. This sign appears nowhere else in the king-list.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 4		itA	Ita
Africanus I (4)		Ουενεφης	Ouenephēs (23 years)
Eusebius I (4)		Ουενεφης	Ouenephēs (42 years)

In hieratic the sign (Aa8, ḳn) could stand for not only itself but also certain other signs. Furthermore, it is visually similar and easily confused with N24 (, spꜢt) or N25 (, ḫꜢst). This caused confusion in modern transcriptions, as well as in actual hieroglyphic texts, like the Abydos Canon where the scribe read Aa8 as N24. The name is attested to king Den, and usually read as Khasty (ḫꜢsty), but might also be read as Semty (smty). The first row of Champollion's fragment F.

Restoration

Alternative transcription

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 5		spꜢty	Sepati
Africanus I (5)		Ουσαφαιδος	Ousaphaidos (20 years)
Eusebius I (5)		Ουσαφαης	Ousaphaēs (20 years)

The archaic (W10, bꜢ) was misread by the scibe as (U17, grg), and further misinterpreted as (N41, biꜢ) in the Abydos Canon, and (R7, bꜢ) in the Saqqara Canon. The number of years is certain. The second row of Champollion's fragment F.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 6		mry-biꜢ-p	Merybiap
Saqqara Canon 58		mry-bꜢ-pn	Merybapen
Africanus I (6)		Μιεβιδος	Miebidos (26 years)
Eusebius I (6)		Nιεβαης	Niebaēs (26 years)
Eratosthenes 4		Διαβιης	Diabiēs

A contemporary ivory label of Semerkhet, show an archaic figure of a man with a walking stick. The sign is similar to, but not identical to Gardiner sign A19 (smsw). In the Canon, this it is written out with unilateral signs as smsm. The first row of Champollion's fragment Dd.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 7		smsw	Semsu
Africanus I (7)		Σεμεμψης	Semempsēs (18 years)
Eusebius I (7)		Σεμεμψης	Semempsēs (18 years)
Eratosthenes 5		Πεμφως	Pemphōs

The starting cartouche, and perhaps a sign or two are lost. The number of years is certain. The second row of Champollion's fragment Dd.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 8		ḳbḥ	Qebeh
Saqqara Canon 57		ḳbḥw	Qebehu
Africanus I (8)		Βιηνεχης	Biēnekhēs (26 years)
Eusebius I (8)		Ουβιενθης	Oubienthēs (26 years)

The ink on fr. 21 is faded, making the signs hard to read, but the sign is probably G30 (storks) followed by a determinative. The numbers are certain. The third row of Champollion's fragment Dd.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 9		bḏꜤw	Bedjau
Saqqara Canon 56		nTr-bꜢw	Netjerbau
Africanus II (1)		Βοηθος	Boēthos (38 years)
Eusebius II (1)		Βωχος	Bōkhos
Giza king list Giza king list		bḏꜢ-tꜢw	Bedjatau

The ink on fr. 21 is faded; the broken sign is likely a w, or less likely a wt The scribe omitted the number at the end. The fourth row of Champollion's fragment Dd.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 10		kꜢ-kꜢw	Kakau
Saqqara Canon 55		kꜢ-kꜢw	Kakau
Africanus II (2)		Καιεχως	Kaiekhōs (39 years)
Eusebius II (2)		Χωος	Khōos

Only the last signs of the name remains, but the numbers are certain. The traces of the bee wings of the fifth row of Champollion's fragment Dd.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 11		bꜢ-nṯr	Baunetjer
Saqqara Canon 54		bꜢ-nṯrw	Banetjeru
Africanus II (3)		Βινωθρις	Binōthris (47 years)
Eusebius II (3)		Βιοφις	Biophis

Only the trace of what could be a (S29) s-sign remain of the name and fits well with the last s-sign of the Abydos Canon. The 70-sign is certain.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 12		wꜢḏns	Wadjenes
Saqqara Canon 53		wꜢḏ-l-s	Wadjlas
Africanus II (4)		Τλας	Tlas (17 years)

The number is probably 54, not 74 since the trace of the tens are so close to the four strokes.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 13		sndi	Sendi
Saqqara Canon 52		snḏ	Senedj
Africanus II (5)		Σεθενης	Sethenēs (41 years)

The writing is clearly ꜤꜢ-kꜢ, with the opening cartouche omitted. The ꜤꜢ-sign is obviously a mistake for nfr, which resemble each other in hieratic. The Saqqara Canon (no.51) correctly reads the name as nfr-kꜢ-rꜤ. The New Kingdom scribes "corrected" the name Seneferka into Neferkara by exchanging the initial s with the recognizable honorific rꜤ. This was a common practice that made sense to the scribes, as can be noted several times in the king lists.

Source	Cartouche	Name	Transcription
Abydos Canon 19		nfr-kꜢ-rꜤ	Neferkara
Saqqara Canon 51		nfr-kꜢ-rꜤ	Neferkara
Africanus II (6)		Χαιρης	Khairēs (17 years)