PHARAOH.SEA collection of articles and essays in various stages of development. Some are complete, while others offer preliminary insights. Some merely safeguard a text from disappearing from the internet. It's kind of like inscribing texts in stone, but digitally.
As with all electronic texts, this website could disappear at any time due to ignorance, censorship, bankruptcy, physical destruction or even death or an alien invasion. Nothing lasts forever.
Cairo Museum Catalogue
This inventory of items provides detailed information about virtually all objects originating in Ancient Egypt. It often includes sketches of scenes and transcriptions of hieroglyphs. Although it is over a century old, it is still in use.
Read moreThe Battle of Kadesh
This is a description of the Battle of Kadesh, fought between Egypt and the Hittites in 1274 BC. It is inscribed on monuments all over Egypt. Kadesh was a walled city located near the modern-day border between Lebanon and Syria.
Read moreHatshepsut's obelisk
Queen Hatshepsut's obelisk at Karnak praises her divine lineage and legitimacy as ruler, while also commemorating her contribution of two obelisks to honour her father.
Read it hereThe Historical Hall
150 years ago Berlin had a brand new museum with its Historical Hall, plastered with Pharaonic frescoes; think vibrant colours, enough headgear to make an ostrich jealous... But then, WW2 came along.
Check it outRosetta Stone
In 1799, during Napoleon’s expedition to Egypt, French soldiers unearthed the trilingual Rosetta Stone while rebuilding a crumbling 15th-century fort against an expected Ottoman attack.
More insideCartography
Before the 1700s, maps of Egypt were primarily based on Claudius Ptolemy's written directions from antiquity, which aided early explorers in discovering the main sites of ancient Egypt.
More...Chronology
The further back in time we go, the less accurate the dates become. The absence of chronological standards and the limited understanding of historical time further complicate matters.
More...Hieroglyphs
The ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs were primarily used for monumental purposes, carved in stone, and often very ornate and painted in vivid colors. It was not at all suited for everyday purposes.
More...Hieratic
Hieratic was a cursive script of simplified hieroglyphs that was much faster to write and was used throughout almost all of ancient Egyptian history.
More...Papyrus
Thousands of years before paper was invented, the Egyptians created papyrus rolls using strips of the papyrus plant glued together to make them more durable and easier to transport.
More...Pyramids of Egypt
While everyone knows about the three large pyramids of Giza, the ancient Egyptians actually built around 120–140 pyramids in Egypt.
More...Scribes in Ancient Egypt
Scribes were well-educated in specialised schools that focused on teaching essential skills like reading, writing and mathematics. They played a crucial role in administrative, religious and intellectual life.
More...The book of Easter
Dionysius the Humble is best known as the inventor of the Anno Domini dating system. He used this system to identify several Easters. Presented here is fruit of the labour of Michael Deckers in 2003, who entered all this text with a translation from Latin.
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