PHARAOH.SEDespite being almost unknown before 1922 and only reigning for a very brief period of time, Tutankhamun has definitely become as the most well-known pharaoh of modern times after the discovery of his treasure-filled tomb that same year.
In Amarna letter EA 9, the king of Babylon wrote to the pharaoh of Egypt. The name transliterates to Ni-ib-hu-ur-re-re-ia, which transcribes to Nib-khurre-reya, which probably is the Akkadian cuneiform rendition of Neb-kheperu-ra. This is still debated among Egyptologists, and could instead belong to his father, Akhenaten. However, Akkadian nib only transcribes Egyptian neb and never nefer, which means it can't belong to Akhenaten, whose throne name begins with Nefer-. The content of EA 9 itself fits better with Akhenaten though, so the identity can't be said to be final for sure.
Titulary & Hieroglyphs
References
Miller. J. L. (2007). “Amarna Age Chronology and the Identity of Nibhururiya in the Light of a Newly Reconstructed Hittite Text.” Altorientalische Forschungen 34, 252-293
Sources of antiquity
| Author | Greek | Transcription | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| Africanus xviii, 11 | Ραθως | Rathos | 6 years |
| Eusebius xviii, 10 | Aθωρις | Athoris | 39 years |
| Jerome | Achoris | 9 years | |
| Josephus 96 | Pαθωτις | Rathotis | 9 years |
References
- Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 18 (1912): pp. 365–373
- Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2 ed., MÄS 49 (1999): pp. 144–145
- Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. pp. 106
- Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. pp. 479–481