Eratosthenes

c. 225 BC

According to Syncellus, Apollodoros of Athens recorded a list of Theban kings taken from Eratosthenes of Cyrene.

However, Apollodorus and Eratosthenes are considered to be pseudonymous authors, meaning that someone else wrote this list and used the names of two well known and respected authors to lend it an air of authority. Some of the names listed can be found in Manetho and Herodotus, suggesting there might be a common, but corrupted, source behind the list, as some of the names have no similarity whatsoever with other known lists. As a chronological list it is useless.

This list is included here only as a curiosity. In all likelyhood, Eratosthenes was not the author of this list.

The chronicler Apollodoros recorded another dynasty of 38 Egyptian kings, the Thebans, as they are called, who ruled for 1076 years. This dynasty commenced in AM 2900, and came to an end in AM 3045. The knowledge of these kings, he says, Eratosthenes received from Egyptian records and registers and at royal request he translated them into the Greek language, as follows (Adler & Tuffin: 128)

The reign of the thirty-eight so-called Theban kings in Egypt, whose names Eratosthenes took from the sacred scribes in Diospolis and deciphered from Egyptian into the Greek language, ceased at this point. Commencing in AM 2900, 124 years after the confusion of tongues, it ceased to exist in this year AM 3975. As to the tradition preserved by Apollodoros about the other fifty-three Theban kings who succeeded them, we deem it unnecessary to set forth their names here, since we have nothing to gain in citing them. For the names of their predecessors are also of no value.

Syncellus

The list of king is as follows:

#	Pharaoh	Greek	Transliteration	Reign	Description
1	Narmer	Μηνης	Menes	62	Menes, the Theban of This, whose name means “eternal”. He reigned for 62 years.
2	Aha	Aθωθης	Athothes	59	The second king of the Thebans was Athothes, the son of Menes, 59 years. His name means “born from Hermes”.
3	Djer	Aθωθης	Athothes	32	The third king of the Thebans in Egypt had the same name Athothes, 32 years.
4	Adjib	Μιαβιης	Miabies	19	The fourth king of the Thebans was Miabaes, son of Athothes, 19 years. His name means “friend of comrades”.
5	Semerkhet	Πεμφως	Pemphos	18	The fifth king of the Thebans was Pemphos, son of Athothes. His name is “descendant of Heracles”. He reigned for 18 years.
6	—	Μομχειρι	Momkheiri	79	The sixth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Momkheiri the Memphite, reigning for 79 years. His name means “exceedingly large limbs of the man”; he was therefore irresistible.
7	Nebra	Στοιχος	Stoikhos	6	The seventh king of the Thebans in Egypt was his son, Stoikhos; his name means “Ares the unfeeling”. He reigned 6 years.
8	—	Γοσορμιης	Gosormies	30	The eight king of the Thebans in Egypt was Gosormies, his name is “all-demanding”. He reigned 30 years
9	—	Μαρης	Mares	26	The ninth king of Thebes in Egypt was his son Mares; his name is “gift of the Sun”. He reigned 26 years.
10	—	Aνωυφις	Anouphis	20	The tenth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Anoyphis, his name is “revelling”. He reigned 20 years.
11	—	Σίριος	Sirios	18	The eleventh king of the Thebans in Egypt was Sirios; his name is “”son of the pupil of the eye“”, but according to others, “secure from enchantments”. He reigned 18 years.
12	—	Χνουβος η Γνευρος	Khnoubos e Gneuros	22	The twelfth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Khnoubos Gneuros, his name is “Khryses, son of Khryses”. He reigned for 22 years.
13	Radjedef	Ραυωσις	Rhauosis	13	The thirteenth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Rhauosis; his name is “arch-ruler”. He reigned for 13 years.
14	Baufra	Βιυρης	Biures	10	The fourteenth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Biyres. He reigned for 10 years.
15	Khufu	Σαωφις	Saophis	29	The fifteenth king of the Thebans in Egypt was Saophis, “reveller”, or, according others, “money-getter”. He reigned for 29 years.
16	Khafra	Σαωφις β	Saophis II	27	The sixteenth king of the Thebans was Saophis II. He reigned for 27 years.
17	Menkaura	Μοσχερως	Moskheres	31	The seventeenth king of the Thebans was Moskheres Heliodotos; <small>(Lit. Gift of Helios)</small>. He reigned for 31 years.
18	Teti	Μοσθης	Mosthes	33	The eighteenth king of the Thebans was Mosthes. He reigned for 33 years.
19	Pepi I	Παμμης Aρχουδης	Pammes Arkhondes	35	The nineteenth king of Thebes was Pammes Arkhondes. He reigned for 35 years.
20	Pepi II	Aπαππους	Apappous	100	The twentieth king of the Thebans was Apappous the Most Great; it is said that he ruled for 100 years but for one hour.
21	Nemtiemsaf II	Εχεσκοσοκαρας	Ekheskosokaras	1	The twenty-first king of the Thebans was Ekheskosokaras, for 1 year.
22	Netjerikara	Νιτωκρις	Nitokris	6	The twenty-second ruler of the Thebans was Nitokris, a wife in place of her husband; her name is “Athena the Victorious”. She reigned for 6 years.
23	—	Μυρταιος Aμμωνοδοτος	Myrtaios Ammonodotos	22	The twenty-third king of the Thebans was Myrtaios Ammonodotos <small>(Lit. Gift of Ammon)</small>, for 22 years.
24	—	Oυωσιμαρης	Ouosimares	12	The twenty-fourth king of the Thebans was Ouosimares 'the mighty'; his name is “Sun” Ruled for 12 years.
25	—	Σεθινιλος	Sethinilos	8	The twenty-fifth king of the Thebans was Sethinilos; his name is “having increased his inherited power”, for 8 years.
26	—	Σεμφρουκρατης	Semphroukrates	18	The twenty-sixth king of the Thebans was Semphroukrates; his name is “Heracles Harpokrates”. Reigned 18 years.
27	—	Χουθηρ Ταυρος	Khouther Tauros	7	The twenty-seventh king of the Thebans was Khouther Tauros, for 7 years.
28	—	Μευρης Φιλοσκορος	Meures Philoskoros	12	The twenty-eight king of the Thebans was Meures Philoskoros, for 12 years.
29	—	Χωμαεφαιστος	Khomaephaestos	11	The twenty-ninth king of the Thebans was Khomaephtha, “the world”, Philephaistos, for 11 years.
30	—	Σοικουνιος	Soikounios	60	The thirtieth king of the Thebans was Soikounios, for 60 years.
31	—	Πετεαθυρης	Peteathyres	16	The thirty-first king of the Thebans was Peteathyres, for 16 years.
32	Amenemhat I	Σταμμενεμης α	Stammenemes I	26	The thirty-second king of the Thebans was Stammenemes, for 26 years.
33	Amenemhat II	Σταμμενεμης β	Stammenemes II	23	The thirty-third king of the Thebans was Stammenemes II, for 23 years.
34	Senusret III	Σιστοσιχερμης	Sistosikhermes	55	The thirty-fourth king of the Thebans was Sistosikhermes Herkles “the mighty”, for 55 years.
35	Amenemhat III	Μαρης	Mares	43	The thirty-fifth king of the Thebans was Mares, for 43 years.
36	—	Σιφθας	Siphthas	5	The thirty-sixth king of the Thebans was Siphthas, also known as Hermes, “son of Hephaistos”, for 5 years.
37	—	Φρουορω	Phruoro	5	The thirty-seventh king of the Thebans was Phrouoro or “the Nile,” for 5 years.
38	Amyrtaeus	Aμουθαρταιος	Amouthartaios	63	The thirty-eight king of the Thebans was Amourthartaios, for 63 years.

Bibliography

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