PHARAOH.SE
The tenth pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty
Prenomen: Menmaatra setepenptah
Also known as: Ramses XI · Rameses XI
Accession 1107 BC
End of reign 1077 BC
Duration 30 years
Highest attested year Year 28
The final pharaoh of the New Kingdom ruled Egypt for at least 29 years. A large number of important papyri written during Ramesses XI's reign have been discovered. He transferred the capital to Tanis, where he died and was buried by Smendes shortly thereafter. Smendes succeeded him but ruled only Lower Egypt, while the Theban High Priests of Amun effectively ruled Upper Egypt.
The High Priests controlled a massive portion of the economy, owning two-thirds of the temple lands and almost all ships, which made them rivals, or even superiors, to Pharaoh himself. In fact, the High Priests of Amun effectively became the rulers of Upper Egypt for the following 140 years.
The High Priests controlled a massive portion of the economy, owning two-thirds of the temple lands and almost all ships, which made them rivals, or even superiors, to Pharaoh himself. In fact, the High Priests of Amun effectively became the rulers of Upper Egypt for the following 140 years.
Titulary & Hieroglyphs
References
- Gauthier, H. Le livre des rois d'Égypte. MIFAO 19 (1913): pp. 219–224
- Beckerath, J., 1999. “Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen”, 2 ed., MÄS 49 (1999): pp. 174–175
- Leprohon, R. J., 2013. The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary. pp. 134–135
- Baker. D. D., 2008. The Encyclopedia of the Pharaohs: Volume I. pp. 334–336