Augustus

Augustus (63 BC - 14 AD) was born Gaius Octavius Thurinus and adopted in 44 BC by his great-uncle Julius Caesar, who gave him the name Gaius Julius Caesar. He defeated Cleopatra and Mark Anthony in 30 BC, ending Egyptian independence. The Senate bestowed the honorific Augustus (“the illustrious one”) on him in 27 BC, and he became known as Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus. It is customary to refer to him as Octavius when referring to events before 44 BC, Octavian when for events between 44 and 27 BC, and Augustus from 27 BC to his death in 14 AD.